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Development and characterization of cellulose/clay nanocomposites
Authors:C.D. Delhom  L.A. White-Ghoorahoo  S.S. Pang
Affiliation:1. Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China;2. Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;3. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;4. Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia;1. Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;2. Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;3. Center of Excellence, advanced material & Nanotechnology Group, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;4. Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt.;5. Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;6. Cellulose & Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
Abstract:Cotton is the most important textile fiber for apparel use and is preferred to synthetic fibers for reasons such as comfort and feel. A major drawback of cellulosic fibers is flammability. The development of cellulose/clay nanocomposites for use as flame-retardant materials based on cotton is reported in this paper. Novel nanocomposite materials have been produced from cellulose with layered silicate clays used as the nanofiller material. Three different methods were attempted in producing these organic–inorganic hybrids. The nanocomposites show significant improvements in thermal properties when compared with cellulose control sources. The degradation temperature of the nanocomposites increased by 45 °C and the char yields for some compositions doubled those of the controls. The crystalline melt of the materials decreased by 15 °C. Tensile testing revealed an increase of approximately 80% in the ultimate stress of the cellulose/clay nanocomposites.
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