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Carbon nanofiber paper for lightning strike protection of composite materials
Authors:Jihua Gou  Yong Tang  Fei Liang  Zhongfu Zhao  David Firsich  Jennifer Fielding
Affiliation:1. Department of Mechanical, Material & Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;2. Inorganic Specialists, Inc., 965 Capstone Dr, Miamisburg, OH 45343, USA;3. Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;1. School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China;2. AVIC Composites Co., Ltd, 66 Shuanghe Road, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, PR China;3. AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, No. 8, Hangcai Avenue, Huanshancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China;5. Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC), 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, PR China;1. Institute of Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;2. Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;3. Institute of Theory of Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Information Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland;4. Air Force Institute of Technology, Ks. Boles?awa6, 01-494Warsaw, Poland;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260-0133, United States;2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260-0133, United States;1. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;2. Advanced Carbon Products Section, Advanced Materials and Devices Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India;3. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 6-13-1, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan;4. Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
Abstract:Carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites have been increasingly used for aircraft structures. Such relatively low-conductivity composite materials need to be engineered with lightning strike protection to achieve lightning tolerance comparable to metallic components. This study developed a specialty paper made of carbon nanofibers and nickel nanostrands as a surface layer on the composite panels and explored potential replacement for existing lightning strike protection materials. The porous, flexible, non-woven papers of nanofibers and nanostrands were first prepared by the papermaking process. They were then incorporated onto the surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites through resin transfer molding process. A method of applying a temporary surface barrier on the paper was developed to prevent the infused resin from breaching the paper’s surface. This minimized the resin on the composite panel’s surface and allowed its surface conductivity to remain high. The lightning strike tests conducted on these composite panels showed that lightning strike tolerance correlated to the surface conductivities of composite panels.
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