Damage characterization of 3D braided composites using carbon nanotube-based in situ sensing |
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| Authors: | Kyoung Ju Kim Woong-Ryeol Yu Joon Seok Lee Limin Gao Erik T. Thostenson Tsu-Wei Chou Joon-Hyung Byun |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;2. School of Textiles, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749, Republic of Korea;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Newark, DE 19716, USA;5. Composite Materials Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-010, Republic of Korea;1. Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States;2. Physical Sciences, Advanced Materials, United Technologies Research Center, United States;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People’s Republic of China;2. Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK;3. Bristol Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NSQI), University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;2. Composite Materials Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-010, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;2. WMG, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;3. Composite Centre, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Wallis Way, Catcliffe S60 5TZ, UK;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;5. Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering Education, The University of Sheffield, 32 Leavygreave Road, Sheffield S3 7RD, UK;1. Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China;2. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 100191, China |
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| Abstract: | Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as an in situ sensor to detect the initiation of micro-cracks and their accumulation in fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The breakage of the electrically conductive networks formed by CNTs throughout the polymer matrix when dispersed in composites enables the micro-cracks to be sensed. This methodology was applied to three-dimensional (3D) braided composites with the aim of investigating the feasibility of detecting their matrix failure and analyzing their damage behavior. Tensile specimens were prepared using 3D braided ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) preforms and vinyl ester containing multi-walled CNTs (0.5 wt%) via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The electrical resistance of the composites was then measured during tensile testing, while their internal structures were analyzed using X-ray computer tomography (CT), demonstrating that the CNTs dispersed in the matrix enable micro-cracks to be sensed and the damage modes of the 3D braided composites to be analyzed. Finally, four critical strain levels that can classify the damage modes were identified from the change of the electrical resistance of the 3D braided composites. |
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