Application of environmental isotope to groundwater study of the Qinling Railway tunnel |
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| Authors: | D Liu L Z Yang J Mao |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Water Resources Management, Hydrology and Agricultural Hydraulic Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany;2. Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Environmental Physics in Civil Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 9A, 30167 Hannover, Germany;1. Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 3303 33rd St. NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada;2. Department of Civil and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;1. BRGM (French Geological Survey), 3 av. C. Guillemin, BP 6009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France;2. University of Lille 1, Polytech’Lille, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, Lille, France;3. BRGM, Synergie Park, 6 ter rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 59260 Lezennes, France;4. GIS Laboratory, University of Nîmes, Georges Besse Scientific Park, Georges Besse Street 150, Nîmes Cedex 1 30035, France;1. Institute of Isotope Hydrology, College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;3. Isotope Hydrology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria;4. Xiaolangdi Dam Project and Management Bureau, The Ministry of Water Resources of China, Zhengzhou 450000, China |
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| Abstract: | A comparison of isotopic data of groundwater with those of surface water and rainfall indicates that groundwater in the Qinling Railway tunnel, which is the longest single-track tunnel under construction in China, originates from precipitation. However, measurements of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the fissure water in the adjacent drift have shown that these two isotopes are obviously depleted relative to the spring water in the area. This permits the groundwater being classified into two types: shallow weathering fissure water and deep structural fissure water, both with different features of circulation, and makes it possible to determine mixing ratios of the water inflows into the drift. The reason for the deep water depletion in the two heavy isotopes with respect to the shallow water is believed to be the difference of their recharge elevations, above 2200 m and below 1800 m for the deep and shallow water, respectively. Unlike the deep water, with slow motion and a circulation depth of over 1000 m, the shallow water is in an active circulation zone and moves usually in a depth of 40–50m. Calculation of isotope mass balance indicates that the relative contribution of the shallow water to the inflow at main locations or in sections of the drift ranges between 25.1% and 67.3%, indicating that the shallow water is also a significant component of the water inflow. |
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