生物碱提取与纯化技术应用进展

生物碱是许多中药的有效成分,提取与纯化是生物碱制备的关键环节。目前较为常用的提取方法有煎煮、浸渍、回流和渗漉;纯化方法有有机溶剂萃取、色谱和树脂吸附。超声、微波辅助提取、超临界流体萃取、分子印迹和膜分离等技术的应用使生物碱制备向高效节能方向发展。本文综述了生物碱制备常用的提取与纯化工艺与新技术的应用进展,分析了它们的原理及优缺点并探讨了发展前景。

Progress in extraction and purification of alkaloids

Alkaloids are the effective ingredients in many Chinese herbs.The extraction and purification technology is the key issue in alkaloid preparation.At present,the commonly used extraction technology includes decoction,circumfluence,maceration and percolation.The purification technology includes organic solvent extraction,adsorption chromatography,ion-exchange resin adsorption and macro-porous resin adsorption.New technologies such as ultrasound,microwave,supercritical fluid extraction,molecular imprinting and membrane separation technology are used to increase efficiency and save energy of the extraction and purification process.The methods and the application of new technologies in extracting and purifying alkaloids are reviewed.Moreover the prospect of alkaloid preparation is discussed.