Natural products from Bacillus subtilis with antimicrobial properties☆

Bacil us subtilis produces many chemical y-diverse secondary metabolites of interest to chemists and biologists. Based on this, this review gives a detalled overview of the natural components produced by B. subtilis including cyclic lipopeptides, polypeptides, proteins (enzymes), and non-peptide products. Their structures, bioactive ac-tivities and the relevant variants as novel lead structures for drug discovery are also described. The challenging effects of fermentation metabolites, isolation and purification, as wel as the overproduction of bioactive com-pounds from B. subtilis by metabolic engineering, were also highlighted. Systematical y exploring biosynthetic routes and the functions of secondary metabolites from B. subtilis may not only be beneficial in improving yields of the products, but also in helping them to be used in food industry and public medical service on a large-scale.