空调冷源的环境性能比较

根据国际标准化组织的生命周期评价标准,建立了空调冷源的能量生命周期清单模型,提出了环境影响评价方法.对常见的空调冷源(离心机组、螺杆机组、风冷热泵、天然气直燃机、柴油直燃机、蒸汽双效嗅化锂机组)进行了生命周期清单分析和环境影响评价,并利用权重三角形解释了权重对综合评价结果的影响.综合评价结果表明:电力结构对离心机组的环境性能影响较大,但对天然气直燃机影响较小.因此天然气直燃机和离心机组的环境性能比较应考虑电力结构的影响,在我国1999年的电力结构下,天然气直燃机的环境性能优于离心机组,在我国2010年的电力结构下,两者的环境性能相当,在美国1999年的电力结构下,天然气直燃机的环境性能比离心机组差.

Comparison of Environmental Performance of Cooling Sources of Air-Conditioning

According to life cycle assessment theory and standards of ISO, the model of life cycle inventory of energy of cooling sources was developed and a method of life cycle assessment was introduced. Common cooling sources (screw chiller, centrifugal chiller, heat-pump chiller, natural gas directed-fired absorption chiller, diesel directed-fired absorption chiller, steam absorption chiller) were calculated in life cycle inventory. Life cycle environmental performance of common cooling sources was evaluated, and the possible aggregating impact results were analyzed by weighting triangle. The results indicate that the relationship of the environmental performance of centrifugal chiller and generation mix is intimate and is distant for natural gas directed-fired absorption chiller. So the comparison of environmental performance of natural gas directed-fired absorption chiller and centrifugal chiller should take into account the electric generation mix. In China generation mix of 1999, the environmental performance of the former was better than that of the latter. In 2010, the environmental performance of the two chillers might be nearly same. In American generation mix of 1999, the environmental performance of the former was worse than that of the latter.