稠油集输工艺设计

在稠油集输工艺设计参数的选取中，当稠油乳状液为牛顿流体时，可按达西公式计算水力损失，其粘度可由粘度比法求出；非牛顿流体乳状液紊流态水力计算，应通过实验确定摩擦系数，再按过西公式计算压降；对纯稠油、含地层水稠油、稠稀混合油和掺破乳剂溶液稠油的停输启动压力．采用剪切力公式推算。在稠油的油气分离工艺设计中，对计量分离器，应尽量简化分离器的结构；对生产分离器．可适当增加分离元件，使油气分高效果相对提高；终端油气分离器或气体除油器，应设计较完善的油气分离结构；此外，应慎用丝网除雾器。在稠油脱水工艺设计中，应注意脱水措施及脱水方法的选择。在稠油集输中应多采用低级数、低转数的容积式转子泵。但在选用泵型时，应根据设计工作条件对泵的流量、扬程、轴功率及高效率区间进行校核。

Designing for gathering and transferring of heavy oil

When selecting process parameters for gathering and transferring of heavyoil, if heavy oil emulsion belongs to Newtonian fluid, its hydraulic loss can be calculated byDarcy formula, its viscosity can be extracted by ratio of viscosity; when conducting hydraulic calculation for turbulent flow of emulsion of non--Newtonian fluid,its friction factorshould be determined through experiment, and its pressure drop should be calculated by Darcy formula; after stop transferring, the starting pressures of pure heavy oil, heavy oil containing formation water, mixed crude of heavy and light oil and heavy oil admixing demulsifier should be derived by shearing force formula. When designing oil--gas separation technology of heavy oil,for metering separator, the structure of separator should be simplified; forproduction separator, the separation components may be properly increased to relatively improve oil--gas separating effectiveness; for terminal oil--gas separator and oil expeller,oil--gasseparator structure should be designed perfectly ; moreover, wire--mesh mist extractor shouldbe carefully used. When designing dehydration from heavy oil, one should pay attention toselection of measures and ways of dehydration. Volumetric rotapump with low Series andlow numbers of revolution should be used more in gathering and transferring of heavy oil.However, when choosing pump type, one should calibrate flow rate, lift, shaft power andhigh efficiency interval of the pump according to designed working condition.