黄浦江河口建闸研究40年回顾与展望

在简要阐述黄浦江历史演变、水文特性和历年风暴潮灾害的基础上，回顾了黄浦江河口建闸研究历程及相关成果，并提出了下一步主要研究方向。前期研究结果表明：黄浦江河口建闸是黄浦江防洪能力提升总体方案的重要组成部分，是解决上海永久防洪(潮)问题的必然选择；挡潮闸的基本功能是挡风暴潮、适应通航，合理调度挡潮闸对洪、潮共同作用引起的流域超标准高水位具有较大控制作用；挡潮闸设防标准建议为100年使用期末可防御千年一遇潮位，且闸孔单孔总净宽超过300 m,对行洪、航运、河势影响较小且能控制闸室淤积。下一步研究重点为弯道建闸对河势、航运的影响，关闸时机和频次对挡潮效果、航运的影响，挡潮闸闸型对功能、关闸时长、河道淤积的适应性以及突破跨度对受力的影响等。鉴于河口建闸并不能完全解决中上游堤防的防洪能力提标，建议同步实施中上游堤防加高加固，并在两项工作完成前做好防汛应急预案。

Review and prospect of research on sluice construction at Huangpu River Estuary in past 40 years

After briefly describing the historical evolution, hydrological characteristics and storm surge disasters of the Huangpu River, the history and results of the study on the tidal sluice at the Huangpu River Estuary were reviewed, and the main future research interests were proposed. The results of the preliminary study show that the tidal sluice at the Huangpu River Estuary is an important part of the flood control capacity improvement scheme of the Huangpu River, and is an inevitable choice to solve the permanent flood (storm surge) control problems in Shanghai. The basic function of the sluice is to resist storm surge and adapt to navigation, and reasonable regulation of the sluice has a great effect on the extraordinary high level of the river basin caused by the combined action of flood and tide. The defense criterion of the designed tidal level of the sluice is based on the 1 000-year return period at the end of 100-year service. The total net width of the single hole of the sluice is greater than 300 m, which has little impact on flood discharge, navigation and river regime, and the siltation of the barrier chamber can be controlled. Key points of future research should be focused on the impact of the sluice built at the bend on the river regime and navigation, the impact of the closing time and frequency on the effect of storm surge control and navigation, the adaptability of the barrier type to the function, the closing time, the siltation of the river channel, and the impact of the span on the stress. Finally, since the flood control capacity of the middle and upper reaches of the Huangpu River cannot be completely improved by the sluice construction at the estuary, heightening and reinforcing the embankment is suggested simultaneously, and flood control emergency plans must be prepared before the two works completed.