对库水位高变幅条件下升鱼闸的结构优化及改进

我国部分水库水位变幅达到或超过15m，如此高的水位变幅给鱼道出口的设计带来巨大的困难。以船闸通航原理运行的升鱼闸结构虽然水流条件相对简单，能够较好的衔接库水位变幅，但由于升鱼闸金属结构相对复杂，投资偏高，其运行可靠度也存在一定的问题，故应用并不广泛。鉴于这种现状，文中提出以旋转作为工作自由度的驱鱼格栅以替代常用的水平运动的驱鱼格栅。其主要传动装置均布置于最高水位以上的干燥区，既保证驱鱼格栅的稳定运行，又避免将部分传动装置布置在水下而导致水下传动装置存在容易受淤积物损坏、不易检修等问题。同时在升鱼闸出口布置浮动式拦污浮箱，在不影响鱼群洄游的前提下，进一步降低对驱鱼格栅等设备的清淤频率。通过对升鱼闸的优化及改进，全面提高运行可靠性以及维护的便利性。

Optimization and improvement of fish lock structure under the condition of high variation of reservoir water level

The water level variation of some reservoirs in China is 15 meters or more, which brings great difficulties to the design of fishway outlet. Although the structure of fish lock operated on the navigation principle of ship lock is relatively simple in flow conditions and can better connect with the fluctuation of reservoir water level, it is not widely used because of the complex metal structure of fish lock high investment and certain problems in operation reliability.In view of this situation, a fish evicting grille with rotation as the degree of freedom is proposed in the study to replace the commonly used horizontal movement fish evicting grille. The main transmission devices are arranged in the dry area above the highest water level. In this way, it ensures the stable operation of fish evicting grille and avoids placing part of the transmission device underwater, which may cause the underwater transmission device to be easily damaged by silt and difficult to repair. At the same time, floating trash chest is arranged at the outlet of fish lock to further reduce the dredging frequency of fish evicting grille and other equipment without affecting the migration of fish. Through the optimization and improvement of the fish sluice, the operation reliability and maintenance convenience can be improved comprehensively.