基于里德堡原子的电场传感技术

概述了基于里德堡原子的电场传感技术的基本原理，分析了里德堡原子电场测量具有的高灵敏度、宽频、可溯源至国际单位制（International System of Units， SI）、高空间分辨力等优势。讨论了激光参数、探测器噪声、环境电磁场干扰等因素对里德堡原子场强测量灵敏度与测量频率响应带宽的影响，介绍了频率调制、重泵浦、参数优化等提高场强测量灵敏度的方式，并阐述了单辅助场原子外差法、双辅助五能级外差法等提升测量频率响应带宽的方法。探讨了里德堡原子电场传感技术在计量、通信、雷达、成像等方面的应用情况，指出应通过优化原子气室结构、设计高性能光电探测器、提升光学腔性能等方式进一步提高里德堡原子电场测量灵敏度；应深入研究里德堡原子电场测量的不确定度来源，并对里德堡原子传感器进行全面的测试和表征；应开展里德堡原子电场测量相关装置的小型化、工程化设计研究，从而进一步提升里德堡原子电场测量技术的实际应用性能。

Electric field sensing technology based on Rydberg atoms

This article summarizes the basic principles of electric field sensing technology based on Rydberg atoms, and analyzes the advantages of Rydberg atomic electric field measurement, such as high sensitivity, broadband, traceability to the International System of Units (SI), and high spatial resolution. The effects of laser parameters, detector noise, environmental electromagnetic interference, and other factors on the sensitivity and frequency response bandwidth of Rydberg atomic field strength measurement were discussed. Methods to improve the sensitivity of field strength measurement, such as frequency modulation, re pumping, and parameter optimization, were introduced, and methods to enhance the frequency response bandwidth of measurement, such as single auxiliary field atomic heterodyne method and double auxiliary five level heterodyne method, were elaborated. Explored the application of Rydberg atomic electric field sensing technology in metrology, communication, radar, imaging, and other fields, and pointed out that the sensitivity of Rydberg atomic electric field measurement should be further improved by optimizing the atomic gas chamber structure, designing high?performance photodetectors, and improving the performance of optical cavities; We should conduct in?depth research on the sources of uncertainty in the measurement of the Rydberg atomic electric field, and conduct comprehensive testing and characterization of the Rydberg atomic sensor; The miniaturization and engineering design research of the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement related devices should be carried out to further improve the practical application performance of the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement technology.