基于林鸟迁移扩散的重庆市高密度城区 生态网络构建研究

生态网络构建是应对城市生境破碎化的重要途径，其中，研究尺度范围、目标物种(或类群)特性及相应阻力面的设置是影响其合理性的关键因素。以2种林鸟为焦点物种，重点探讨了山地城市高密度城区生态网络构建方法和典型结构特征，以及保护物种生态网络的伞护作用。研究结果表明：1)基于鸟类迁移能力的中观尺度生态网络构建结果更加真实、可靠，也具有更强的实践指导意义；2)对于林鸟迁移扩散而言，规模较大的源地斑块和生境质量较好的小型源地斑块都很重要，而沿江山体绿地可能是林鸟迁徙的重要踏脚石；3)以保护物种作为焦点物种的生态网络对于常见种具有伞护作用，但从城市生态系统完整性角度考虑，针对常见种构建互补型生态网络也很重要。基于研究结果，提出应结合重要生态源地和生态“夹点”识别结果对山地城市生态网络进行优化完善，包括对滨江绿地、山体崖线、冲沟和次级河流等典型景观空间宽度和连续性进行修复，对关键节点型小规模绿地空间的保护和生境质量提升，以及复合型生态网络构建等方面。

Research on the Construction of Ecological Network in the High-density Urban Area of Chongqing Based on the Migration and Diffusion of Forest Birds

The construction of ecological network is an important approach to cope with urban habitat fragmentation, among which, the research scale and range, the characteristics of target species (or groups), and the construction of corresponding resistance surface are key factors affecting the rationality of ecological network. In this paper, the method and process of ecological network construction for high-density urban area in mountain cities, the typical structural characteristics of the ecological network, and the umbrella protecting function of the ecological network are discussed. The results show that: 1) The city-scale ecological network construction based on bird migration ability is more reliable and has stronger practical guiding significance. 2) Both large source patches and small source patches with good habitat quality are important for forest birds migration, and green patches on the mountain along the river could be important stepping stones. 3) The ecological network with protected species as the focal species has umbrella protecting function for common species, but it is necessary to construct complementary ecological network for common species from the perspective of urban ecosystem integrity. Based on the results, it is proposed that the ecological network of mountainous cities should be optimized and improved according to the identification results of important ecological sources and pinch points. Effective measures include enhancement of the width and continuity of typical landscape space such as riverside green space, mountain cliff line, gully and secondary river corridors, the protection of key node-type small-scale green space and the improvement of habitat quality, as well as the construction of complex ecological network and other aspects