兼顾四大家鱼产卵需求的梯级水电站生态调度北大核心CSCD

为实现流域梯级水电站水资源高效利用,以金沙江下游溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水库生态调度为例,通过已有研究成果以及实测数据推求四大家鱼产卵所需的适宜生态流量,构建梯级水库长短期耦合双层优化模型,上层模型采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解,下层模型采用遗传算法求解,进而提出兼顾四大家鱼产卵流量需求的梯级水库日调度方案。结果表明:与常规调度相比,当以促进四大家鱼产卵为主要目标时,调度期内(5—6月)梯级水库发电量减小1.91亿kW·h,减幅为1.76%;同时生态流量契合度增大0.123,有效洪水上涨作用期累计可达12 d,可较好地促进四大家鱼产卵。研究成果可为制定面向下游河道四大家鱼产卵的梯级水库生态调度方案提供参考依据。

Optimal operation of cascade hydropower plants considering spawning of four major Chinese carps

This study examines cascade reservoirs operation to consider carp spawning and utilize water resources effectively via a case study of the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade hydropower stations in the lower Jinsha mainstream. First, we collect information from previous studies and measurements and estimate the appropriate ecological flow (AEF) required for fish spawning. Then a double-layer multi-objective model for cascade reservoirs operation is constructed using the long-short term coupling nested model, with an upper layer model solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and a lower layer model by the genetic algorithm (GA). This model is applied to the cascade reservoirs and their daily operation schemes are determined with a suitable consideration in improving the spawning habitats. The results show that to promote fish spawning, the total capacity of electric power production decreases by 191 million kW·h or a relative decrease of 1.76%, the fitness of ecological flow increases by 0.123, and the effective flood pulses cover up to 12 days. This study could help formulate ecological operation schemes for cascade reservoirs that need to promote the spawning of four major Chinese carps in the downstream.