离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅱ)——离子液体表面活性剂的合成

按照离子液体表面活性剂的种类,分别介绍了不同类型离子液体表面活性剂的合成方法。阳离子型离子液体表面活性剂可以采用直接季铵化法、复分解法和离子交换法合成;阴离子型离子液体表面活性剂是采用传统阴离子表面活性剂与离子液体在有机溶剂或水/有机溶剂中复分解反应完成的;两性离子液体表面活性剂通常采用直接季铵化法合成;双子和Bola型离子液体表面活性剂与传统双子和Bola型表面活性剂的合成方法相似;微波和超声等新的辅助合成方法将明显促进离子液体表面活性剂的合成。

Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (II) Synthesis

Methods for synthesis of separate kinds of ionic liquid surfactants (ILSs) were reviewed according to their classification. For synthesis of cationic ILSs, there are three methods, i.e. direct quaternarization, metathetical reaction and ionic exchange reaction. Synthesis of anionic ILSs is accomplished by metathetical reaction in organic solvent or blend of organic solvent and water with traditional anionic surfactants and ionic liquids as starting materials. Amphoteric ILSs are generally synthesized by direct quaternarization. For Gemini and Bola ILSs, the synthesis methods are similar to that for traditional Gemini and Bola surfactants. Adoption of new reaction assisting methods, such as microwave and ultrasonic wave will obviously promote the synthesis of ILSs.