Refinement of gamma delta resolvase reveals a strikingly flexible molecule

BACKGROUND: gamma delta resolvase is a 20.5 kDa enzyme that catalyzes a site-specific recombination in the second step of the transposition of the gamma delta transposon and requires no cofactors other than Mg2+ for activity. Dimers of resolvase bind cooperatively to DNA at three inverted repeat sequences of differing geometry but catalyze recombination at only one site. RESULTS: The structure of the catalytic domain of gamma delta resolvase, which provides the protein-protein interactions in the synaptic complex, has been refined to an R-factor of 20% at 2.3 A resolution. The structures of the three independent monomers in the asymmetric unit are similar but not identical. Differences occur in the positions of surface loops and in the overall twist of the central beta-sheet of the molecule. The crystal also gives two independent structures for the dimeric form of the molecule, which also show significant differences in the relative orientations of their subunits. CONCLUSION: Resolvase is an unusually flexible protein. This conformational adaptability may be necessary to allow each of the 12 resolvase subunits in the synaptic complex to play a different but specific role in wrapping DNA, binding sites of differing geometry and catalyzing recombination.