基于改进人工蜂群算法的无线电能传输系统输出控制

磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输系统中，当耦合系数较大时系统将发生频率分裂现象导致输出功率降低。采用软件调频的输出控制可以稳定输出性能。然而输出功率是一个极值个数和半径都可变的多峰函数，因此需要改进标准人工蜂群算法以搜索所有极值。首先通过系统模型的分析，说明频率分裂现象的影响和多峰搜索的必要性，提出一种原边控制方法，得到输出性能的函数。然后提出3种策略对标准人工蜂群算法进行改进，包括采用正交生成法改进了食物源的分布；采用比较父代与子代之间的欧式距离选择食物源，避免漏峰；通过对适应度排序确定个体增量动态地缩小小生境的范围。最后搭建了一个两线圈无线电能传输系统，通过计算和实验证明，改进的人工蜂群算法收敛速度快、优化精度高，在保证传输效率的前提下，能够提高并稳定系统在过耦合状态时的输出功率。

Output Control of Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

In magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) system, the frequency splitting occurs when the coupling coefficient is large, which leads to the decrease of the output power. Using the software frequency modulation output control can stabilize the output performance. However, the output power function is a multi-peak function with variable extreme number and radius. It is necessary to improve the standard artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to search all the extreme values. Firstly, this paper explains the effect of frequency splitting phenomenon and the necessity of multi-peak search through the analysis of the MCR-WPT system model. A primary control method is proposed to obtain the functions of output power and transmission efficiency. Then three strategies are proposed to improve the standard ABC algorithm. An orthogonal generation method is adopted to improve the distribution of food sources. Food sources are selected according to the Euclidean distance between parents and their offspring, which can avoid the miss of peaks. By sorting the fitness value and then determining the increase of individual fitness value, the range of niche was dynamically reduced. Meanwhile, a 2-Coil MCR-WPT system is built. Through calculation and experiment, it is proved that the improved ABC algorithm has fast convergence speed and high optimization accuracy. In excess coupling case, the algorithm proposed in this paper can improve and stabilize the output power under the premise of ensuring transmission efficiency.