冶金熔渣混合制备微晶玻璃的组成及性能优化

以电炉镍铁渣和普通高炉渣为主要原料，采用Petrurgic一步法制备了微晶玻璃，并结合力学性能测试，对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析，讨论了电炉镍铁渣和普通高炉渣配比、Mg2+含量以及晶核剂TiO₂对成品微观结构及性能的影响规律.结果表明:将熔渣冷却至900℃结晶和650℃退火，能够制备出性能优良的微晶玻璃.当Mg2+含量增加且析出晶体为单一辉石族矿物时，微晶玻璃具有较高的力学性能.电炉镍铁渣或Mg2+含量增加，会导致其辉石族矿物含量增加，当两种渣混合掺量达到90%(镍铁渣质量分数50%，高炉渣质量分数为40%)且外掺2% MgO时，所制备微晶玻璃结构致密，仅含有单一辉石族矿物，包括透辉石、普通辉石和斜顽辉石，从而具有最优的力学性能，其抗折强度达210 MPa，抗压强度达1162 MPa.电炉镍铁渣或者MgO含量进一步增加，会导致镁橄榄石析出，此时微晶玻璃的力学性能显著下降.TiO₂含量的增加不改变微晶玻璃晶体种类，合适掺入TiO₂(本实验为质量分数2%)能够增强透辉石含量，提升性能；但过量掺入会抑制晶体生长，导致其性能下降. 

Optimization of performance and composition for glass ceramics prepared from mixing molten slags

The direct preparation of materials from high-temperature slag is an effective way for the integrated utilization of slags and their thermal energy. In this paper, with ferronickel slags and blast furnace slags as the main raw materials, glass ceramics were prepared by the Petrurgic method, a one-step heat-treatment method by direct crystallization of the slag melt during its cooling process. The ratio of ferronickel slags and blast furnace slags, Mg2+ content, and the effect of nucleating agent TiO₂ on the microstructure and properties of the products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical property test. The results show that glass ceramics with excellent properties can be prepared by crystallization at 900℃ and annealing at 650℃ for slag melts during the cooling process. When the content of Mg2+ increased, and the precipitated crystal was a single-pyroxene-group mineral, the glass ceramics exhibited the highest mechanical properties. The content of pyroxene group mineral increased with the increasing ferronickel slag or MgO content. When the content of the two slags reached 90% (50% ferronickel slags and 40% blast furnace slags) with the addition of 2% MgO, the prepared glass ceramics presented a compact structure containing single-pyroxene-group minerals, including diopside, ordinary pyroxene, and clinopyroxene, and the best mechanical properties with flexural strength of 210 MPa and compressive strength of 1162 MPa. However, the further increase in ferronickel slag or MgO content led to the precipitation of forsterite, which significantly deteriorated the mechanical properties of glass ceramics. The increasing content of TiO₂ caused no change in the type of crystals in the glass ceramics. Appropriate doping (2% in the experiments) increased the content of diopside, but excessive doping inhibited the crystal growth and reduced its performance.