海岛核电对岛屿非人类物种辐射影响及风险研究

海岛核电厂址是目前国内核电厂址选择的重要方向之一。《环境影响评价技术导则 核电厂环境影响报告书的格式和内容》(HJ 808—2016)中明确要求估算核电厂对非人类物种的辐射剂量。本文利用国内某海岛核电厂气态设计排放源项,采用ERICA程序,结合海岛生态本底调查结果,估算了核电厂气载放射性流出物对海岛生物的辐射影响和辐射风险,并进行了海岛生物的“三关键”分析。结果表明,核电厂对海岛各生物的辐射剂量率小于欧盟推荐的筛选值10 μGy/h,总体辐射风险较小。针对ERICA程序中部分参数(如剂量率转换因子和核素转移系数)的适用性问题,提出了今后须重点研究的方向。

Radiation effects and risk assessment for non-human species arising from nuclear power at island

Island nuclear power plant is one important trend for site selection currently. “Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment format and content of environmental impact reports for nuclear power plants” (HJ 808—2016) explicitly requires radiation estimation caused by nuclear power plants on non-human organisms. But there is little research in the area of island nuclear power plant radiation effects on the surrounding island organisms. In this paper, we use designed gaseous emission of a Nuclear power plant and ERICA program, along with the results of island local ecological survey, to estimate the radiation and risk of radioactive effluent on island organisms, and carry out the “Three Key Analysis”. The results show that the radiation dose rate of the nuclear power plants on island organisms is less than 10 μGy/h of ERICA dose screening values, and the overall radiation risk is quite low. In view of the applicability of some parameters in ERICA program (such as dose conversion coefficient and concentration ratio), the future research direction is suggested.