堤防管涌险情研究进展

目前,管涌险情的研究主要集中于管涌险情演化机理、物理模型试验与数值模拟方法、汛期与非汛期应急抢险技术等方面。管涌险情发生受临界水力条件与地层岩性结构等因素控制,但尚未系统考虑力学、河流动力学以及管涌发展过程中的连续与非连续扩展,且研究模型存在尺度效应。汛期管涌抢险仍以传统方法、人海战术为主,抢险效率明显不高;非汛期管涌险情控制主要以减压井和防渗墙等措施为主。可拆换式减压井成功解决了传统减压井淤堵问题,显著提升了运行效率;垂直防渗墙的防渗控制效果显著,但工程造价高,且缺乏全生命周期监测与评估,对运行效果难以掌握。从水土耦合角度开展管涌险情致溃机理研究,研发便携式、装备式抢险材料与设备是当前堤防管涌险情急需研究解决的科学难题与方向。

Research Progress on Dyke Piping

At present, research of piping hazard mainly focuses on evolution mechanism, physical model test and numerical simulation method, as well as emergency rescue technology in flood season and non-flood season. Piping hazard is controlled by factors such as critical hydraulic conditions and formation lithology structure; however, river dynamics and continuous-discontinuous piping expansion process has not been systematically considered, and the scale effect of physical model exists. In flood season, conventional manual power is the dominant emergency treatment, which is obviously inefficient; in non-flood season, relief wells and cutoff wall are major countermeasures. Removable relief well has successfully solved the silting problem of traditional relief wells and significantly improved operation efficiency; vertical impermeable wall has remarkable seepage control effect, but its operation effect is difficult to command due to high engineering cost and lack of monitoring and evaluation of the whole life cycle. The effect of soil-water coupling, portable-equipped emergency materials and equipment are urgent problems and research directions of dyke piping.