河道型水库洪水演进研究进展及存在的问题

河道型水库调度需要综合考虑入库洪水、人工调控和库区河道地形等因素对洪水演进传播过程的影响。通过分析总结河道型水库洪水波特征和动库容特性方面的研究成果,明确了河道型水库需要采用水文水动力模型耦合方法进行动库容调洪,但需要关注人工调控对坝址水位流量关系的干扰。随后分析总结了水库河道糙率特性方面的研究,指出水库洪水演进计算需要考虑水流流动型态对糙率的影响。进一步总结了近坝区水流特性的现有成果,指出近坝区水流三维流动特征显著,把坝前区域断面作为边界条件,计算时可能会引起系统性误差,明确了今后应该深入开展人工调控对近坝区断面过流能力的影响和糙率率定方面的研究,以提高洪水演进模型精度。

Flood Routing in River-Reservoir System:Research Advances and Existing Problems

In the scheduling of river-type reservoir, the impact of inflow flood, artificial regulation, and river basin topography on the flood routing process should be considered. By summarizing the research findings of flood wave features and dynamic reservoir capacity, we made it clear that the scheduling of river-type reservoir should be accomplished by coupling hydrologic and hydrodynamic models, and meanwhile that attention should be paid to the disturbance of artificial scheduling on the stage-discharge relation at dam site. We summarized that the effect of water flow structure on riverbed roughness should be taken into consideration in the calculation of reservoir flood routing. Furthermore, we reviewed the research achievements up to now of the flow characteristics near dam and pointed out that the three-dimensional flow characteristics near dam are remarkable. Taking the cross-section near dam as the boundary condition may cause systematic errors in calculation. In order to improve the accuracy of flood routing model, in future we should conduct in-depth research on the influence of manual regulation on the conveyance capacity of the cross-section near dam and roughness calibration.