我国硬质合金行业面临的资源困境与对策

钨是硬质合金行业重要的原料,消耗比例在50%以上。从1994年到2001年,世界钨储量减少40×104t,其中我国减少了25×104t,占62.5%。在我国578.6×104t钨资源储量中,可较好利用的基础储量仅为139×104t。因此,我国的钨资源优势将不复存在。我国作为世界上最大的硬质合金生产、消费与出口国,硬质合金制造业发展迅猛,产量由1996年的6630t增加到2004年的1700t(2005年为1600t),因而消耗了大量的钨资源。而随着我国钨资源的逐渐消失,硬质合金企业也将面临资源危机。为此,提出了建设资源节约型社会、增加资源税、提高企业的自主创新能力、加快无钨硬质合金产品的研制和产业化步代、加大废钨的再生利用、打造优势产业集团等应对措施。

Resource Difficulties Facing in Cemented Carbide Industry of China and Its Countermeasures

Tungsten resource conditions of China are briefly introduced in the paper. Due to excessive mining of tungsten concentrates, tugnsten storage in China decrease rapidly,and up to now the fraction in the world storage dropped from 44.3% in 1994 to 35.5%. As the superiority of tungsten resources diminished gradually,the new competitive structures were formed in cemented carbide industry,thereby some countermeasures are put forward,i.e setting up scientific development outlook,enhancing independent innovative ability of enterprise,vigorously promoting progress in science and technology,adjusting industry structures,gradually increasing resource taxes,accelerating research and development of substituting for tungsten resources and increasing recycling of scrap tungsten.