深地科学领域的若干颠覆性技术构想和研究方向

习近平主席指出“向地球深部进军是我们必须解决的战略科技问题”，开发深地资源已经成为未来中国科技发展的重要方向。然而，目前人类对于地球深部的认知相当匮乏，国际上ICDP与GFZ等研究组织已经开展深地科学基本规律研究。因此，超前布局、抢占深地研究高地、积极推动深地基础前沿大科学问题探索已迫在眉睫。本文从深地能源和人类生存的角度出发，深度剖析了深地资源开发和深地空间利用的必然趋势，提出向地球深部进军研究的3个层次内容，即深地地质结构探测、深地行为规律研究及深地环境利用与资源开发。同时，围绕关系国家全局的地下空间资源开发、能源储备、核废料处置等国家长远战略，提出深地科学研究领域的3个颠覆性技术构想，即深地矿产资源的流态化开采、深地空间与地下城市、深地实验室与深地空间舱。最后，针对深地岩石力学、深地渗流力学、深地地震学与地球物理学、深地微生物能量溯源等国际最前沿的深地基础科学问题，明确深地科学研究的若干重要研究方向，即原位保真取芯技术，深地非常规岩石力学行为，深地结构与开采的透明推演理论，深地地震学与地球物理学，深地微生物学，深部资源开采与能源储存，深地地下水赋存、运移及水质变化，基于深井抽水蓄能的风、光、水、热一体化开发，地下空间生态、能量循环系统等。基于若干颠覆性技术构想的攻关和若干重要研究方向的探索，构建中国独有、世界领先的深地基础性科学前沿研究阵地。

Novel Idea and Disruptive Technologies for the Exploration and Research of Deep Earth

President Xi Jinping has recently declared that marching toward the deep earth is a strategically scientific and technological challenge we must overcome.In China,the exploitation of deep earth resources has become an important direction for the future development of science and technology.Unfortunately,there is little knowledge available about the nature of the deep earth so far.Many research organizations,such as ICDP and GFZ,have been carrying out research regarding the nature and basic laws of the deep earth.Therefore,it is extremely critical to plan in advance,control the high ground of research,and promote the fundamental and frontier researches.In this paper,the inevitable trend of the exploitation of deep earth resources and utilization of deep underground space was extensively analyzed from the point of view of deep earth energy and human survival.Three research issues regarding moving into the deep earth were proposed,namely,the detection of deep geological structures,the study of the basic laws of deep underground behavior,and the utilization of deep underground space and resource exploitation.By focusing on the state long-term strategies for the deep underground resource exploitation,energy reserve and nuclear waste disposal,three disruptive idea and technologies related to the research of deep earth were proposed,namely,the fluidized mining of deep underground mineral resources,the utilization of deep underground space and the construction of underground cities,and the design of deep underground laboratories and ecological living capsules.Finally,by focusing on the cutting-edge studies of deep underground rock mechanics,the fluid mechanics of deep underground porous media,deep underground seismology and geophysics,and deep underground microbial energy traceability,a few key points of deep earth research were addressed,which are in-situ fidelity coring technology;non-conventional rock mechanics theories;transparentization and visualization methods for deep underground geological formations and mining processes;deep underground seismology and geophysics;deep underground microbiology;deep underground mining and energy storage;deep groundwater storage;migration and quality conservation;underground space ecology and energy circulation system;etc.Based on the breakthrough of the disruptive ideas and technologies of some significant research areas,a world-leading scientific base for deep earth research with a Chinese characteristic can be formed.