美国维州参议院276号坝安法规修正案的生死之辩与教训

美国维州参议院2010年2月提出276号法案修改水坝安全监管法条,容许以应急行动计划(EAP)替代水坝修缮。尽管两者都是为了公共安全,但有本质上的不同。基本上,水坝修缮是维护水坝安全的第一线作业,而EAP则是为增加公共安全的防御纵深而预备,以防万一。本文还介绍了该立法行动的动机以及坝安监管单位要从中吸取教训,改进执法策略,使能获得水坝业主的合作。本文是笔者从维州居民及坝安专业观点提出的个人见解和评论,与美国联邦政府的政策及施政方针无涉。

Criticality of the proposed Virginia Senate Bill 276 to amend a dam safety regulation requirement: a life or death is sue

Virginia Senate Bill 276 was proposed in February 2010 to revise a dam safety regulation requirement to allow the emergency action plan （EAP） in place of a dam remediation as required. This article distinguishes the essential differ- ences between remediation and EAP, although both are required for public safety. Fundamentally, a dam remediation de- fends its safety at the front line while an EAP increases the depth of public safety defense in case of a dam failure. This ar- ticle also describes the cause for the referenced legislative action and the lessons learned for improving dam regulator＇ s enforcement strategy to gain cooperation with the dam owner. The views solely expressed here by the author, from the standpoint of a Virginia resident and professional engineer, do not necessarily represent the views/practices of any federal governmental agency of the U.S.A.