增材制造技术的应用及其发展

增材制造技术,也称3D打印技术,是一种采用材料逐渐累加的方法制造实体零件的技术,由于具有成形速度快、材料利用率高、生产周期短与数字化程度高等特点,近20年来成为各国科学家研究的热点。随着激光技术、计算机技术、CAD/CAM等技术的快速发展,增材制造技术在航空航天、汽车生产、生物制造、建筑设计等诸多工程领域得到了广泛的应用。介绍了增材制造技术的主要分类、工作原理、应用领域及其国内外研究现状,总结了各类关键技术所面临的问题,并讨论了其未来发展趋势。

Development and Application of Additive Manufacturing Technologies

Additive manufacturing technology,also called three dimensional (3D) printing technology,is a method using materials incremental manufacturing philosophy to manufacture entity parts.Over the past two decades,there has been a great of intensive research into this field for its time and cost reduction,human interaction,consequently the product development cycle,and the possibility to create almost any shape that could be very difficult to computer numerical control machine tools.Along with the rapid development of laser technology,computer technology and CAD/CAM technology,additive manufacturing technology is widely used in the field of aerospace,automotive,bio manufacturing,architectural design and so on.An overview is present of the different additive manufacturing processes,application,and its current research,sums the facing challenges,and discussed the development trend.