Gold Nanocomposite Bioink for Printing 3D Cardiac Constructs |
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| Authors: | Kai Zhu Su Ryon Shin Tim van Kempen Yi‐Chen Li Vidhya Ponraj Amir Nasajpour Serena Mandla Ning Hu Xiao Liu Jeroen Leijten Yi‐Dong Lin Mohammad Asif Hussain Yu Shrike Zhang Ali Tamayol Ali Khademhosseini |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;3. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;4. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA;5. Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands;6. Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;7. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;8. Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;9. Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Bioprinting is the most convenient microfabrication method to create biomimetic three‐dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue constructs, that can be used to regenerate damaged tissue and provide platforms for drug screening. However, existing bioinks, which are usually composed of polymeric biomaterials, are poorly conductive and delay efficient electrical coupling between adjacent cardiac cells. To solve this problem, a gold nanorod (GNR)‐incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)‐based bioink is developed for printing 3D functional cardiac tissue constructs. The GNR concentration is adjusted to create a proper microenvironment for the spreading and organization of cardiac cells. At optimized concentrations of GNR, the nanocomposite bioink has a low viscosity, similar to pristine inks, which allows for the easy integration of cells at high densities. As a result, rapid deposition of cell‐laden fibers at a high resolution is possible, while reducing shear stress on the encapsulated cells. In the printed GNR constructs, cardiac cells show improved cell adhesion and organization when compared to the constructs without GNRs. Furthermore, the incorporated GNRs bridge the electrically resistant pore walls of polymers, improve the cell‐to‐cell coupling, and promote synchronized contraction of the bioprinted constructs. Given its advantageous properties, this gold nanocomposite bioink may find wide application in cardiac tissue engineering. |
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| Keywords: | alginate bioprinting cardiac tissue engineering gelatin gold nanorods |
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