Miniaturized Battery‐Free Wireless Systems for Wearable Pulse Oximetry |
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| Authors: | Jeonghyun Kim Philipp Gutruf Antonio M Chiarelli Seung Yun Heo Kyoungyeon Cho Zhaoqian Xie Anthony Banks Seungyoung Han Kyung‐In Jang Jung Woo Lee Kyu‐Tae Lee Xue Feng Yonggang Huang Monica Fabiani Gabriele Gratton Ungyu Paik John A Rogers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA;2. Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA;3. Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA;4. Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA;5. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA;6. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA;7. AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;8. Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea;9. Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Engineering and Health, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA;10. Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;11. Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Neurological Surgery, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute & Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio‐Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA |
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| Abstract: | Development of unconventional technologies for wireless collection and analysis of quantitative, clinically relevant information on physiological status is of growing interest. Soft, biocompatible systems are widely regarded as important because they facilitate mounting on external (e.g., skin) and internal (e.g., heart and brain) surfaces of the body. Ultraminiaturized, lightweight, and battery‐free devices have the potential to establish complementary options in biointegration, where chronic interfaces (i.e., months) are possible on hard surfaces such as the fingernails and the teeth, with negligible risk for irritation or discomfort. Here, the authors report materials and device concepts for flexible platforms that incorporate advanced optoelectronic functionality for applications in wireless capture and transmission of photoplethysmograms, including quantitative information on blood oxygenation, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Specifically, reflectance pulse oximetry in conjunction with near‐field communication capabilities enables operation in thin, miniaturized flexible devices. Studies of the material aspects associated with the body interface, together with investigations of the radio frequency characteristics, the optoelectronic data acquisition approaches, and the analysis methods capture all of the relevant engineering considerations. Demonstrations of operation on various locations of the body and quantitative comparisons to clinical gold standards establish the versatility and the measurement accuracy of these systems, respectively. |
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| Keywords: | flexible electronics NFC oximetry photonics wireless |
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