碳系电磁屏蔽材料的研究进展

随着电磁波的广泛应用,电磁污染已成为除空气、水、噪声污染外的第4类污染,故电磁防护非常重要。电磁防护材料主要分为吸波材料和屏蔽材料,吸波材料以损耗为主使电磁波衰减,屏蔽材料以反射、吸收和多次内反射等方式使电磁波衰减。碳系材料以其优良的导电性在电磁屏蔽家族中扮演着重要的角色,碳系材料包括石墨、膨胀石墨、石墨纳米片、碳纳米管和石墨烯等。碳系屏蔽材料可作为导电填料,提高聚合物的导电性。通过晶格掺杂可使碳晶格中产生更多缺陷,导电性提高,从而提高屏蔽效能。碳系屏蔽材料与其他材料复合可通过提高导电性或增加磁损耗,使屏蔽效能增加。将碳系屏蔽材料通过浸润或涂覆的方式负载到织物上,可制备电磁屏蔽织物。本文针对碳系屏蔽材料的现状进行综述,简要介绍了碳系屏蔽材料的制备方法,重点阐述了其通过晶格掺杂和材料复合提高屏蔽性能,最后总结了其在纺织方面的应用。

Research Progress of C-series Electromagnetic Shielding Materials

With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,electromagnetic pollution has become the fourth major pollution following air pollution,water pollution and noise pollution.Thus,electromagnetic protection is particularly important.Electromagnetic protection materials mainly are classified into absorbing materials and shielding materials.Absorbing materials realize electromagnetic wave attenuation mainly by means of loss,while shielding materials do it by reflection,absorption and repeated internal reflection.C-series materials are an important in electromagnetic shielding family for its excellent conductivity,including graphite,expanded graphite,graphite nano sheet,carbon nanotubes and graphene.C-series shielding materials can be used as conductive filler to improve the conductivity of polymer.In addition,lattice doping can result in more defects of carbon crystal lattice and conductivity improvement,so as to improve the shielding effectiveness.The composite of C-series electromagnetic shielding materials and other materials can improve the shielding effectiveness through enhancing conductivity or increasing magnetic loss.Electromagnetic shielding fabric can be made by soaking or coating C-series electromagnetic shielding materials onto fabric.This study intends to review the current situation of C-series electromagnetic shielding materials,brief the preparation methods of C-series electromagnetic shielding materials,focus on the improvement of shielding effectiveness by means of lattice doping and material compounding,and summarize its application in textile.