Modeling moisture sorption isotherms in roasted green wheat using least square regression and neural-fuzzy techniques

Roasted green wheat at moisture content from 0.052 to 0.25 (decimal d.b.) and temperatures from 25 to 43 °C was used to model moisture sorption isotherms using conventional non-linear least square regression (NLR) and neural-fuzzy (NF) techniques. The results showed that neural-fuzzy techniques provided a better fit than conventional least square regression with: R² = 0.99 and 0.97, RMSE = 0.01 and 0.0038, E% = 1.01 and 5.9 and SSE = 0.0008 and 0.009, for NF and NLR techniques, respectively. Differential enthalpy decreased from 477.9 kJ/kg at 0.052 (decimal d.b. mc) to 44.7 kJ/kg at 0.25 (decimal d.b. mc) and entropy decreased from 1.16 kJ/kg K at 0.052 (decimal d.b. mc) to 0.014 kJ/kg K at 0.25 (decimal d.b. mc). A linear plot between enthalpy and entropy showed that compensation exists. The isokinetic temperature T_β was 376.13 K which was larger than the harmonic mean temperature T_hm = 307.31 K, showing that the water sorption was entropy-driven. The free energy change ΔG was positive (+38.42 kJ/kg) indicating a non-spontaneous water sorption process.