空间诱变育种技术及其在烟草上的研究前景

介绍了空间诱变育种的方法、机理、特点及研究概况。生物样品经高空气球、返回式卫星和飞船搭载,在特殊空间环境的高真空、微重力、强辐射及其他因素综合作用下产生了变异,使生物体发生突变。这种突变的频率高、突变谱广、变异幅度大、变异性状稳定快,使育种周期缩短。本文综述了空间诱变育种技术在我国粮食作物、蔬菜、花卉及水果等新品种选育中取得的成就,分析了利用空间诱变技术培育烟草新品种的可行性,展望了未来烟草空间诱变育种的研究前景。 

Space mutation breeding technique and its prospect in tobacco research

The method, mechanism, characteristics and research survey of space mutation breeding technique were introduced. By boarding high altitude balloon, recoverable satellite and spaceship in special space environment, organisms were variated under comprehensive action of high vacuum, microgravity, and intense radiation, etc. The space mutation features high variation frequency and wide variant amplitude and spectrum, traits easy to be stabilized and short breeding period. The achievement of space mutation technique in the breeding of cereal crops, vegetables, flowers and fruits in China were summarized. The feasibility and prospect of breeding new tobacco varieties with space mutation technique were also discussed.