三峡工程与长江中下游生态环境

三峡工程是在长江上兴建的宏伟工程，它控制了长江上游的全部水量，改变了我国第一大河的水流情势。三峡水库的调洪使荆江河段的防洪标准由目前的十年一遇提高到百年一遇；配合分蓄洪工程，荆江干堤可抵御千年一遇洪水。对中游广大平原地区，可避免像1954年那样的洪水灾难重演。三峡工程的防洪效益是它对长江中下游生态环境得以改善的最大贡献。此外三峡工程还可向中下游地区提供可靠的清洁能源，有利于改善大气环境；帮助提高中下游河道每年枯水季的通航能力；大坝是安全的；对这一地区的总体自然环境的保护也是利多于弊。本文对三峡工程蓄水一年来有关长江中下游的生态环境进行介绍。

Study on relationship between TGP and the eco-environment of the middle & lower Yangtze

The Three Gorges Project(TGP) is a significant complex built on the Yangtze River, which controls the whole inflow from upstream of the Yangtze and changes the flow regime of the biggest river in China. Owing to the regulation of the floodwater by TGP reservoir, the flood control standard of the Jingjiang stretch will be improved from the frequency of 1 in 10 year's flood to 1 in 100 year's flood, which will be able to defend the flood of 1 in 1 000 year's frequency in conjunction with the flood detention basins. That is to say, there would be no re-occurrence of the disastrous floods similar to those in 1954 on the vast plain area of the middle Yangtze. The flood control benefit of the TGP is the greatest contribution to the improvement of the eco-environment in the middle and lower reaches. Additionally, the TGP can also supply reliable clean energy to the middle and lower regions, it is also favorable for atmospheric environment improvement, and can help to increase the navigation capability of the river course in the middle and lower Yangtze during dry season. The dam is safe and there are more advantages and less disadvantages in the overall natural environment protection of the region. After one year's impoundment of the reservoir, the eco-environment of the middle and lower Yangtze is briefly presented in this paper.