Circadian rhythm in toxic effects of cystemustine in mice: relevance for chronomodulated delivery

We present a 76-year-old male patient with adhesive-type cholesteatoma and with metal foreign bodies which were shown to be located in the bony eustachian tube by computed tomography. He sustained a burn injury of the left tympanic membrane when he was struck by a bomb 52 years ago, during World War II. The cannonball fragments that entered the tympanic cavity were apparently transported to and stuck in the eustachian tube isthmus by mucociliary action after spontaneous closure of the tympanic membrane perforation. Persistent tubal obstruction due to the impacted foreign bodies and surrounding granulation tissue seems to have caused chronic adhesive otitis, leading to cholesteatoma which developed in the attic and mastoid antrum. No foreign bodies became visible after cholesteatoma removal by an intact canal wall technique in conjunction with anterior tympanotomy for wide exposure of the supratubal recess and the tympanic osteum of the eustachian tube. Therefore, anterior tympanotomy was further extended anteriorly to open the enlarged bony eustachian tube, allowing visualization and safe removal of two cannonball-fragments firmly impacted within it. We call this surgical approach to the bony eustachian tube "extended anterior tympanotomy". The transmastoidal accessibility of the bony eustachian tube produced by this technique should be assessed by preoperative computed tomography.