| Abstract: | Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 118(2) of Journal of Abnormal Psychology (see record 2009-06385-018). In the article “Refining the Tobacco Dependence Phenotype Using the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives,” by Megan E. Piper, Daniel M. Bolt, Su-Young Kim, Sandra J. Japuntich, Stevens S. Smith, Jeff Niederdeppe, Dale S. Cannon, and Timothy B. Baker (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2008, Vol. 117, No. 4., pp. 747–761), the funding information was incomplete. The complete information is as follows: This research was conducted at the University of Wisconsin—Madison and was supported by Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center grants P50DA019706 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and P50CA084724 from the National Cancer Institute. Stevens S. Smith was supported by National Cancer Institute grant 1R03CA126406, and Megan E. Piper was supported by an institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award (University of Wisconsin—Madison; KL2 Grant 1KL2RR025012-01).] The construct of tobacco dependence is important from both scientific and public health perspectives, but it is poorly understood. The current research integrates person-centered analyses (e.g., latent profile analysis) and variable-centered analyses (e.g., exploratory factor analysis) to clarify the latent structure of nicotine dependence and to guide distillation of the phenotype. Using data from 4 samples of smokers, latent profiles were derived using the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives subscale scores. Across all 4 samples, results revealed a unique latent profile that had relative elevations on 4 subscales (Automaticity, Craving, Loss of Control, and Tolerance). Variable-centered analyses supported the uniqueness of these 4 subscales as they constituted a distinct common factor and were the strongest predictors of relapse and other dependence criteria. Conversely, the remaining 9 motives carried little unique predictive validity regarding dependence. Applications of a factor mixture model further supported the presence of a unique class of smokers in relation to a common factor underlying the 4 subscales. The results suggest that a pattern of smoking that is heavy, pervasive, automatic, and relatively unresponive to instrumental contingencies is a necessary and sufficient condition for severe nicotine dependence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
