中国主要海相残留盆地油气成藏系统特征

对鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地、塔里木盆地、渤海湾盆地、中下扬子区及滇黔桂地区海相残留盆地的油气成藏系统特征进行了讨论,据此总结出中国主要海相残留盆地油气成藏系统的诸要素与盆地所处大地构造位置、所经历的构造演化历史密切相关,具有以下特征:原型盆地的构造沉降作用控制主力烃源岩的类型与分布;受原型盆地构造演化旋回控制形成三类有效生储盖组合;后期构造作用控制残留盆地晚期生烃中心;加里东期、海西期、印支期形成的继承性大型古隆起是主要油气运移指向区;古生界生烃区的生烃高峰期与圈闭形成期必须形成有机的配置;后期构造改造适中,既要有适当挤压隆升,形成必要的储集空间、圈闭和运移动力,使油气富集,又要不破坏油气藏;在经历后期构造改造后,盆地的晚期生烃及晚期油气运移受改造后的构造格局控制。

Characteristics of Oil and Gas Reservoir Systems in China''''s Main Marine Residual Basins

This paper is focused on the characteristics of oil and gas reservoir systems in the marine residual basins, such as Ordos basin, Sichuan basin, Tarim basin, Bohai Bay basin the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and DianQian-Gui area. It is concluded that the main elements of the oil and gas reservoir systems in China's main marine residual basins are related to their geotectonic locations and structural evolution history. There are the following characteristics. The structural subsidence effect of original basins controlled the types and distribution of main hydrocarbon source rock. Three effective types of source-reservoir-caprock assemblage formed under the control of the original basin structural evolution cycle. The structural effect in the late stage controlled the hydrocarbon source center of the residual basins in the late stage. The successive large-scale palaeohighs formed in the Caledonian, Hercynian and Indosinian periods are the main areas for oil and gas migration. The peak time for hydrocarbon source in the Paleozoic source area must be matched with the trap formation period. In the late structural transformtion, there are some compressional uplifts, providing the necessary reservoir space, traps and migration dynamics for oil and gas abundance and accumulation while keeping the oil and gas reservoirs undamaged. After the late structural transformation, the late sourcing period and the late oil and gas migration in the basin are controlled by post-transformation structural configuration.