Nullor Equivalents of Active Devices for Symbolic Circuit Analysis

The new pathological elements, the voltage mirror (VM) and current mirror (CM), have shown advantages in analog behavioral modeling and circuit synthesis. Recently, the floating mirror elements have been used to derive pathological sections to ideally represent various popular analog signal processing properties that involve differential or multiple single-ended signals. In order to take advantage of the symbolic nodal analysis (NA) of nullor-mirror networks, we present the nullor equivalents of a differential voltage cell, a differential voltage conveying cell, and a current replication cell in this paper. The proposed nullor equivalents can be used to represent many popular active devices in performing symbolic NA. Two representative filter circuits containing differential characteristics of active devices are given to verify the feasibility. We expect them to be used within an analog design automation environment to enhance circuit analysis and modeling.