从文化视角透析野信达雅冶和翻译目的论

中西方国家不同文化背景下产生很多不同的翻译标准,其中“信达雅”和德国翻译目的论是最具有代表性的翻译理论。严复 提出“信达雅”的翻译标准,“信”是“达”的基本要求,“达”是“信”的提升,而“雅”是对“信”和“达”的升华。德国翻译目的论包括目的 法则、连贯法则和忠实法则,目的法则是所有翻译要遵循的首要原则,它的适用具有普遍性,而连贯原则和忠实原则的适用则具有 特殊性,是目的论的附属原则。“信达雅”中的“信”和翻译目的论中的“忠实法则”“信达雅”中的“达”和翻译目的论中的“连贯法则” 以及“信达雅”中的“雅”和翻译目的论中读者反映论均是辨证统一的关系。

A Comparison between the Principle of "Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance" and the Skopos Principle from the Angle of Culture

There are various criteria of translation due to the cultural differences in China and Western countries. The translation criteria of "Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance" are representative in China, while the translation criteria of "Skopos, Coherence and Fidelity" are representative in Western countries. This paper aims to illustrate Yan Fu''s translation criteria "Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance". Faithfulness is the preliminary level of Expressiveness, and Expressiveness is the higher level of Faithfulness, while Elegance is the highest level of Faithfulness and Expressiveness. Following Yan Fu''s criteria, the background and the content of "Skopos, Coherence and Fidelity" are discussed one by one in details. The Skopos is the basic principle that all translation should follow, which is universal. Coherence and Fidelity are particular, and they are the subsidiary principles of Skopos. Faithfulness and Fidelity, Expressiveness and coherence and Elegance and Skopos have inherent connection of dialectical unity.