Phenolic Metabolites in Leaves of the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii, and Their Potential Phytotoxic and Anti-Herbivore Effects |
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Authors: | Don Cipollini Randall Stevenson Stephanie Enright Alieta Eyles Pierluigi Bonello |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 208 Biological Sciences Building, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;(2) Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, 201 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;(3) Present address: Cooperative Research Centre for Forestry, TIAR/University of Tasmania, Private Bag 12, Hobart, 7001, Australia |
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Abstract: | Lonicera maackii is an invasive shrub in North America for which allelopathic effects toward other plants or herbivores have been suspected.
We characterized the major phenolic metabolites present in methanol extracts of L. maackii leaves. In addition, we examined the effects of methanol–water extracts of L. maackii leaves on seed germination of a target plant species and on feeding preference and growth rate of a generalist insect herbivore.
A total of 13 individual major and minor compounds were detected in crude leaf extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography
coupled to electronspray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Extracts were dominated by two major flavones, apigenin
and luteolin, and their glucoside derivatives, apigenin-7-glucoside and luteolin-7-glucoside. Quantities of these compounds,
along with chlorogenic acid, varied between two sampling points. Leaf extracts that contained these compounds were inhibitory
to seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, treatment of artificial diet with leaf extracts deterred feeding of the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera exigua, in choice experiments but had no effect on growth rate in short-term no-choice bioassays. Purified apigenin tended to deter
feeding by S. exigua and inhibited seed germination of A. thaliana. We conclude that leaves of L. maackii contain phenolic compounds, including apigenin and chlorogenic acid, capable of having biological effects on other plants
and insects. |
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Keywords: | Arabidopsis thaliana Feeding deterrents Flavones Invasive plants Phenolics Phytotoxicity Spodoptera exigua |
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