计及无功功率成本及其资源价值的无功采购方法

电力市场中，满足负荷无功功率需求以及提供系统电压支持属于辅助服务的范围，一般由系统运行员（ISO）进行集中优化调度和控制计算，向相应的辅助服务提供者购买无功功率，并将成本分摊到用户。在分析无功和电压支持的特点，无功的生产成本和资源价值的基础上，文中提出了一种新的无功／电压辅助服务市场机制，并设计了向发电机，调相机等动态无功源采购无功功率的算法，该算法的特点是：考虑了无功的容量成本和电量成本；引入基于等效无功补偿法的无功价值因子，从而考虑了系统中不同位置无功源的资源价值差异，计及了无功分布对有功网损以及相应的有功功率生产成本的影响。IEEE14节点系统的算例表明，该方法能够优化无功采购成本，算法合理有效。

A METHOD OF DYNAMIC REACTIVE POWER PROCUREMENT CONSIDERING COST AND RESOURCE VALUE OF REACTIVE POWER

In power market, reactive power and voltage support as an ancillary service is often dispatched and controlled by ISO, and the corresponding cost is allocated to customers. Based on the analysis of the production cost and resource value of reactive power, a new reactive power market mechanism is proposed. An algorithm for procuring reactive power support from dynamic reactive resources such as generators and synchronous condensers is also presented. The algorithm involves three aspects: the fixed costs and variable costs of reactive power; the different resource values of reactive power due to different locations in the grid with introducing the reactive power value factor; the transmission loss variation. Computer tests on the IEEE 14 bus system show the feasibility and reasonableness of the algorithm.