中国谷物真菌毒素污染研究现状

谷物易受多种真菌毒素污染且消费量巨大,是人畜真菌毒素的主要摄入来源。本文统计了2009年至今关于我国谷物中真菌毒素污染的研究报道,发现国内的研究大多集中在水稻、小麦和玉米,而杂粮作物少之又少。其中,水稻受真菌毒素污染情况较轻;小麦主要受镰刀菌毒素污染,尤其是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮;玉米则易感染多种真菌毒素。此外,小杂粮薏米、燕麦、谷子和高粱也有不同程度的污染。为明确谷物质量安全隐患,有效缓解谷物中真菌毒素的污染,我们应进一步加强对重要杂粮作物中真菌毒素的监管力度,建立更全面的真菌毒素筛查方法,建设真菌毒素防控标准化体系,强化农民对真菌毒素防控的意识与技术。

Current Research status of mycotoxin contamination in Grains in China

Grains vulnerable to various mycotoxins and having a large consumption are the main source of mycotoxin intake for humans and animals. In this paper, we reviewed the research reports on mycotoxin contamination in grains in China since 2009. It has been found that domestic researches were mostly concentrated on rice, wheat and corn, but there were few reports on coarse cereals. Among them, rice was relatively lightly contaminated by mycotoxins, wheat was mainly contaminated with Fusarium toxins, especially DON and ZEN, and corn was susceptible to most of mycotoxins. In addition, statistics showed that coarse cereals such as glutinous rice, oats, millet and sorghum also had different degrees of mycotoxin contamination. In order to make quality and safety risk of grain clear and effectively alleviate the pollution of mycotoxins in grains, we should further strengthen the supervision of mycotoxins in important coarse cereals, establish a more comprehensive screening method for mycotoxins, build a standardized system for prevention and control of mycotoxins, and strengthen farmers" awareness and technology of prevention and control of mycotoxins.