Novel light-weight glass-ceramic proppants based on frits for hydraulic fracturing process |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China;2. Unconventional Oil & Gas Development Department, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 122 Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, 50 Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States;3. Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Brazil;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, PR China;2. College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, PR China;1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, United States;2. The University of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 423 Wakara Way, Suite 300 Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States |
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| Abstract: | High strength proppants were always in demand for hydraulic fracturing techniques used in unconventional reservoirs for oil and gas extraction processes. To support this concept, relatively low-alumina content glass-ceramic proppants based on the system Fe2O3–TiO2–MgO–CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 have been prepared by using frit, kaolin, and bentonite in a glaze formulation. By deposition of glaze drops on porous ceramic tile, a semi-dry proppant beads were obtained. Different frit compositions of aluminum oxide replacing calcium oxide were used to obtain highly sintered proppants with a robust glassy matrix at 1100 °C in a fast firing cycle. The microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the phase structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) were investigated. The results revealed the formation of two main phases; cristobalite and calcium aluminum silicate in addition to the other two phases of mullite and Diopside ferrian in some samples. By evaluating the employed fabricated ceramic compositions as high conductivity and high strength proppants for hydraulic fracturing process it was found that all samples exhibited competitive properties according to American Petroleum Institute standards (API RP 19C Standard) for proppants criteria. Crushing loss under 7500 psi closed pressure was (from 1.5% to 6.7%), the weight loss by acids attack was (from 0.001% to 0.07%), sphericity and roundness were (0.9) in addition, the apparent and bulk densities were (from 2.51 to 2.58 g/cm³) and (from 1.46 to 1.50 g/cm³), respectively. |
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| Keywords: | Ceramic proppants Frit Egyptian ores Crushing resistance Glaze |
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