Flower-shaped ZnO nanomaterials for low-temperature operations in NOX gas sensors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People''s Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China;2. MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China;3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China;4. Institute of Polymer Product Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing China;2. School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing China;1. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China;2. Armed Police Unit, 088 Shuguang Street, Bayannaoer 015000, China;3. State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;1. Department of Physics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Yashwantrao Mohite College, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India;2. Thin Films Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra, India;3. Department of Physics, Karmaveer Hire Arts, Commerce Science and Education College, Gargoti 416009, India;1. Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India;2. Heavy Water Plant (Manuguru), Gautaminagar, Dist. Khammam, Telangana, India;1. Universidade Estadual Paulista- Unesp-Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Bairro Pedregulho, CEP 12516-410 Guaratinguetá-SP, Brazil;2. Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Cerâmica (LIEC), Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, UNESP, CEP: 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil;3. Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Faculdade de Engenharia de Bauru, Dept. de Eng. Mecânica, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo C. Coube 14-01, 17033-360 Bauru, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | In this study, we synthesized nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) by using various concentrations (0–0.05 M) of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant to optimize its morphology for gas sensor applications. The optimization process was used to elucidate the morphology effects (rod-shaped and flower-shaped morphologies). The morphologies were investigated through scanning electron microscopy, in which the assembly of nanorods leading to a spherical microstructure with a CTAB concentration of 0.005 M was observed. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm measurements revealed a surface area of 7.928 g/m2 for the flower-like morphology, which was relatively higher than those of other CTAB-assisted morphologies. Such morphological features were expected to contribute toward high-performance gas-sensing. The effect of morphology variation on the resistance of ZnO microstructures was used for gas measurements. Among the varied morphologies, a sample with a spherical flower-shaped morphology exhibited a very high response at low temperatures (~29 at 25 °C) toward NOX gas (0.75 ppm) and a high selectivity toward NOx among ammonia (NH3), toluene (C6H5CH3), carbon monoxide (CO), acetone (CH3COCH3), and ethanol (C2H5OH). Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses unraveled the presence of a high density of oxygen vacancies in the sample, thereby suggesting a close link between the defective nature of the sample and the high response of the flower-like ZnO at low temperatures. |
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| Keywords: | Flower-like ZnO CTAB Hydrothermal Room temperature sensor Highly selective |
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