矿区土地生态质量评价及动态变化

以徐州市贾汪矿区为研究案例，从景观生态学角度构建指标体系和评价模型，运用遥感、GIS技术，综合评价了2001年和2010年徐州市贾汪煤矿区土地景观生态质量，并分析其变化趋势。研究结果表明：研究区土地生态质量总体呈变好的趋势。2010年的土地生态质量达到好和较好的面积比2001年增加了1 549.42 hm 2；从总体变化看，变好和略微变化的地区约占32.51%，变差和略微变差的地区约占20.69%，变好地区比变差地区增加了4 036.11 hm 2。随着土地复垦工程的实施，采煤塌陷区经复垦后土地生态质量得到显著改善，大部分复垦区生态状况良好。由于城镇的快速发展，煤炭开采的继续，复垦地区二次塌陷等原因，使得部分地区生态环境质量仍在下降。为此，从矿区高效复垦与生态重建、景观生态修复角度，提出了改善矿区生态环境的策略。

Dynamic changes and evaluation of land ecological quality in coal mining area

An assessment model of land ecological quality (LEQ) and its indicator system were established from the viewpoint of landscape ecology.Taking the coal mining area in Jiawang as the case study，the LEQ in 2001 and 2010 was evaluated and its changes were analyzed based on RS and GIS technology.The results indicate that the LEQ in the study area turn for the better during 2001 and 2010，the area of level 1 and 2 is increased by 1 549.42 hm 2；From the overall change，the area of good and slightly good changes take up 32.51%，and the region of bad and slightly bad changes take up 20.69%，increases by 4 036.11 hm 2.With the implementation of the land reclamation project，the LEQ of coal mining subsidence area improves significantly，majority of which in good ecological status.However，the ecological environment in some areas still declined mainly due to the rapid urban growth，accelerated speed of mining，secondary collapse of reclamation area.Therefore，a series of targeted measures for improving ecological environment of mining area were brought forward in terms of efficient reclamation，ecological reconstruction and landscape restoration.