Allocation of five macroelements and quality of fuels derived from Norway spruce wood obtained by thinning operations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all''Adige, Trento, Italy;2. MOUNTFOR Project Centre, European Forest Institute, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all''Adige, Trento, Italy;1. School of Health Sciences, Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Manchester, UK;2. Reckitt Benckiser, Dansom Lane, Hull, UK;1. Industrial Engineering Faculty (ETSII), Universidad Politécnica of Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;2. Forest and Natural Resources Engineering Faculty (ETSIM), Universidad Politécnica of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;3. National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Cra de la Coruña, Km 7.500, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway;2. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Pb. 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;3. CNR IVALSA, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;1. University of Freiburg, Chair of Forest Operations, Werthmannstraße 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;2. German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;3. University of Freiburg, Chair of Forest Utilisation, Werthmannstraße 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;1. Chalmers University of Technology, Dep. of Space, Earth and Environment, Div. of Energy Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;2. RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Eklandagatan 86, SE-412 61 Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden;1. College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China;2. Key Laboratory for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410082, PR China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States;4. Department of Civil, Coastal, and Environmental Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States |
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| Abstract: | The use of forest biomass for energy production is growing in Europe and biomass energy plants market is constantly increasing. However, there is the need to define the environmental sustainability issues dealing with the emerging renewable energy scenario. In particular, the polluting emissions (i.e. PMx, NOx and ozone) caused by the biomass combustion heavily impact on the air quality. In this context, the elemental characterization of the wood and the element allocation in the different tree organs, can provide important information about the quality of the derived wood fuels and give hints about the choice of the most appropriate combustion technique and/or the right wood fuel for a given combustion technique. Moreover, since elements have different concentrations in the different plant tissues, the preventive knowledge of the elements allocation can lead to the identification of the best harvesting strategy aimed at producing wood fuel with the lowest possible ash forming elements and environmental impact.This work focuses on the allocation in three tree compartments (foliage, branches and stem) of five important macroelements (K, Mg, Ca, N and P) in Norway spruce (Picea abies), and points out the possible effects of different harvesting strategies and tree age on the quality of the wood fuels. Results suggest that the Stem Only Harvesting is preferable to Whole Tree Harvesting system in terms of prevention of mineral content loss, as well as is preferable to avoid forest biomass from young trees because of the poorer fuel quality of the wood chips. |
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| Keywords: | Wood minerals Ecological sustainability Soil fertility Tree harvesting systems Tree mass allocation Fuel chip quality |
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