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Prospects and challenges for urban application of biogas installations in Sub-Saharan Africa |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Economics, Mekelle University, Adi-Haqui Campus, P.O.Box 451, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia;2. Environmental and Process Systems Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;3. The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK;1. Center for Development Research (ZEF)/ Bonn University, Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany;2. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 1201 Eye Street, NW, Washington DC 20005, USA;3. The Coordinating Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation (COSTI), Sethsiripaya - Stage 1, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka;1. School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China;2. Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA;3. Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;1. The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut''s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand;2. Centre for Energy Technology and Environment, PERDO, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;1. The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Road, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand;2. Centre of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, PERDO, Bangkok, Thailand;3. School of Business, Accounting and Finance Department, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia |
| Abstract: | Cities around the world generate substantial quantities of municipal solid waste, including organic residues. These organic residues can be managed productively and given value, or they can simply be wasted. Municipal solid waste management is a serious environmental and public health concern in developing countries. In addition, collecting, transporting and disposing of municipal solid wastes presents formidable challenges to many developing country cities. It is believed that the problems are likely to become even more pronounced as the level and pace of urbanization continue to grow rapidly. Moreover, cost recovery is a serious problem of municipal solid waste management in many cities in the developing world. This paper considers how anaerobic digestion can give value to organic residues and help reduce the problem of municipal waste management. Biogas technology has the potential to work for the growing urban populations of Africa as both an energy source and a waste management (minimization) tool that can be utilized both at a small or large scale. In this paper we review the potential roles of biogas in urban applications. Specifically, we review organic waste treatment methods as well as opportunities and challenges for urban application of biogas installations and identify the critical conditions for success of biogas in urban applications. |
| Keywords: | Biogas Urban application Municipal solid waste Energy Sub-Saharan Africa AD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"anaerobic digestion CBA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"cost-benefit analyses GHG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"greenhouse gas MSW"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"municipal solid waste PBP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"payback period |
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