The aerosol effect on direct normal irradiance in Europe under clear skies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;2. College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;3. Key Lab of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;4. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;1. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;2. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen''s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;3. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;1. KIER-UNIST Advanced Center for Energy, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea;2. Solar Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Control Engineering, Hankyong National University, 327 Jungang-ro, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-749, Republic of Korea;1. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;2. Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;1. Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquia, Envigado, Colombia;2. Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation [IEK-STE], Germany;3. Grupo de Investigación en Oceanografía e Ingeniería Costera (OCEANICOS), Escuela de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia |
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| Abstract: | The effect of spatial and temporal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) on direct normal irradiance (DNI) under clear skies is studied, with the synergetic use of satellite and ground-based data as well as calculations from a radiative transfer model. The area of interest is Europe; data from May to September during 13 years (2000–2012) are analyzed. The aerosol effect on DNI is high in areas influenced by desert dust intrusions and intense anthropogenic activities, such as the Mediterranean basin and the Po Valley in Italy. In May, the attenuation of DNI from aerosols, over these areas, can reach values up to 35% and 45% respectively, which corresponds to 4 and 6 kWh m?2 per day. In most areas, even for periods with lower values of AOD, the attenuation of DNI is found to be around 20%, which corresponds to about 2–3 kWh m?2 less received DNI per day, compared to the corresponding value on an aerosol clean day. However, the DNI has increased during the recent years, due to the decreasing tendency of AOD over most areas of Europe. The increase is around 6–12%, which corresponds to an amount of 0.5–1.25 more kWh m?2 received per day, compared to a clean day. The percentage differences of daily DNI from the corresponding monthly climatological value reveals that day-to-day differences (due to AOD changes) from the monthly mean, by ±20%, can occur. The significance of the aerosol changes in Europe reveals the necessity for near real-time measurements or forecasts of AOD when reliable estimations of DNI are required. |
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| Keywords: | Aerosols Direct normal irradiance DNI Satellite estimates |
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