Socio-economic hurdles to widespread adoption of small-scale biogas digesters in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Egerton University, Department of Environmental Science, Box 536-20115, Njoro, Kenya;2. The James Hutton Institute, Social Economic and Geographical Sciences, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK;3. Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;4. Environmental & Process Systems Engineering Group, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa;5. Uganda Carbon Bureau, Plot 47, Lubowa Estate, P.O. Box 70480, Kampala, Uganda;1. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy GmbH, P.O. Box 100480, 42004 Wuppertal, Germany;2. Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststr. 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany;1. Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan;2. Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand;3. Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan;1. Centre for Environment and Development Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;2. Department for International Development [DFID], Ethiopia;3. University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Engineering, Bioresources Engineering, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa;1. Green Heat (U) Ltd, P.O. Box 10235, Kampala, Uganda;2. Center for Research in Energy and Energy Conservation, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;3. Kingdom Bioenergy Ltd, Brandon Ave Woodley, Reading RG5 4PU, UK;4. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK;1. Department of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda;2. Swedish Chemicals Agency, P.O. Box 2, SE-172 13 Sundbyberg, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | The unsustainable use of fossil fuels has led to increased awareness and widespread research on the accessibility of renewable energy resources such as biogas. Biogas is a methane rich gas that is produced by anaerobic fermentation of organic material. Despite its potential to replace biomass in Africa, where over 70% of the households use wood fuel and agricultural waste for cooking, biogas technology has not been adopted by Sub-Saharan African countries compared to their Asian counterparts. This paper examines the socioeconomic constraints to adoption of biogas in Sub-Saharan Africa and explores factors that could enhance adoption of the technology. These include standardization and quality control, as well as an approach of integrated farming using biogas and slurry. The article recommends mobilization of local and external funds to promote biogas, use of ready to use funds such as the Clean Development Mechanisms in overcoming the initial construction costs of biogas units, and formation of user and disseminator associations to reduce costs by joint procurement and linkage to finance. It further advocates the promotion of multiple uses of biogas for purposes other than cooking and lighting. It is expected that widespread adoption of the technology could lead to self-sufficiency in household energy provision for cooking. This would facilitate environmental management and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. |
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| Keywords: | Adoption Biogas technology Households Socio-economic constraints Sub-Saharan Africa SSA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0035"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Sub-Saharan Africa |
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