Pretreatment and fractionation of barley straw using steam explosion at low severity factor |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;3. Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;4. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2. College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China;3. School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;1. Departamento de Biotecnología. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Mexico;2. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Mexico;3. Grupo de Bioprocesos y Bioquímica Microbiana, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Mexico;1. Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16200 Bursa, Turkey;2. Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA;1. Bioprocess Pilot Facility, BPF, Postbus 198, 2600 AD, Delft, The Netherlands;2. Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Agricultural residues represent an abundant, readily available, and inexpensive source of renewable lignocellulosic biomass. However, biomass has complex structural formation that binds cellulose and hemicellulose. This necessitates the initial breakdown of the lignocellulosic matrix. Steam explosion pretreatment was performed on barley straw grind to assist in the deconstruction and disaggregation of the matrix, so as to have access to the cellulose and hemicellulose. The following process and material variables were used: temperature (140–180 °C), corresponding saturated pressure (500–1100 kPa), retention time (5–10 min), and mass fraction of water 8–50%. The effect of the pretreatment was assessed through chemical composition analysis. The severity factor Ro, which combines the temperature and time of the hydrolytic process into a single reaction ordinate was determined. To further provide detailed chemical composition of the steam exploded and non-treated biomass, ultimate analysis was performed to quantify the elemental components. Data show that steam explosion resulted in the breakdown of biomass matrix with increase in acid soluble lignin. However, there was a considerable thermal degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose with increase in acid insoluble lignin content. The high degradation of the hemicellulose can be accounted for by its amorphous nature which is easily disrupted by external influences unlike the well-arranged crystalline cellulose. The carbon content of the solid steam exploded product increased at higher temperature and longer residence time, while the hydrogen and oxygen content decreased, and the higher heating value (HHV) increased. |
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| Keywords: | Biomass straw Steam explosion Severity factor Chemical composition Higher heating value Carbon content |
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