The response of grandstands driven by filtered Gaussian white noise processes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Mathematics, Computer Science & Engineering, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India;1. School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK;2. School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK;1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;2. VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 70833 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a semi-analytical estimate of the response of a grandstand occupied by an active crowd and by a passive crowd. Filtered Gaussian white noise processes are used to approximate the loading terms representing an active crowd. Lumped biodynamic models with a single degree of freedom are included to reflect passive spectators occupying the structure. The response is described in terms of the first two moments, employing the Itô formula and the state augmentation method for the stationary time domain solution. The quality of the approximation is compared on the basis of three examples of varying complexity using Monte Carlo simulation based on a synthetic generator available in the literature. For comparative purposes, there is also a brief review of frequency domain estimates. |
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| Keywords: | Grandstand response Random vibration Active crowd Passive crowd White noise process Filtration |
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