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Analysis and synthesis of sliding mode control for large scale variable speed wind turbine for power optimization
Affiliation:1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional – CITEDI, Av. del Parque 1310, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, BC 22510, Mexico;2. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ESIME – Ticomán, Av. Ticomán 600, Col. San José Ticomán, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, México, DF 07340, Mexico;1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom;2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;3. School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran;2. School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran;1. Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;2. Model Predictive Control Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, USA;3. ABB Switzerland Ltd., Corporate Research, Baden-Daettwil, Switzerland;4. Automatic Control Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;1. Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom;2. Gencoa Ltd., Physics Road, Liverpool L24 9HP, United Kingdom;1. School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;3. Jiangsu Electric Power Company Research Institute, Nanjing 211103, China;4. Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;1. Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51666-15813, Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, P.O. Box: 55517-61167, Bonab, Iran
Abstract:The problem of designing a nonlinear feedback control scheme for variable speed wind turbines, without wind speed measurements, in below rated wind conditions was addressed. The objective is to operate the wind turbines in order to have maximum wind power extraction while also the mechanical loads are reduced. Two control strategies were proposed seeking a better performance. The first strategy uses a tracking controller that ensures the optimal angular velocity for the rotor. The second strategy uses a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm while a non-homogeneous quasi-continuous high-order sliding mode controller is applied to ensure the power tracking. Two algorithms were developed to solve the tracking control problem for the first strategy. The first one is a sliding mode output feedback torque controller combined with a wind speed estimator. The second algorithm is a quasi-continuous high-order sliding mode controller to ensure the speed tracking. The proposed controllers are compared with existing control strategies and their performance is validated using a FAST model based on the Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART). The controllers show a good performance in terms of energy extraction and load reduction.
Keywords:Sliding mode control  Wind turbines  Maximum power point tracking  Renewable energy  Nonlinear control
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