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Ablative and mechanical evaluation of CNT/phenolic composites by thermal and microstructural analyses
Affiliation:1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea;2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;3. Agency for Defense Development, 4-R&D Center, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, Tenth of Ramdan City, Egypt;3. Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan;4. School of Chemical & Materials Engineering (SCME), NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan;5. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;6. Centre for Energy Systems (CES), NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan;1. Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Islamic Republic of Iran;2. Department of NanoTechnology, Space Transportation Research Institute, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran;1. Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Center for Creative Human Resource & Convergence Materials, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Abstract:Highly ablation resistant carbon nanotube (CNT)/phenolic composites were fabricated by the addition of low concentrations of CNTs. Tensile and compressive mechanical properties as well as ablation resistance were significantly improved by the addition of only 0.1 and 0.3 wt% of uniformly dispersed CNTs. An oxygen–kerosene-flame torch and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to evaluate the ablative properties and microstructures. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the ablation rate was lower for the 0.3 wt% CNT/phenolic composites than for neat phenolic or the composite with 0.1 wt% CNTs. Ablation mechanisms for all three materials were investigated using TGA in conjunction with microstructural studies using a SEM. The microstructural studies revealed that CNTs acted as an ablation resistant phase at high temperatures, and that the uniformity of the CNT dispersion played an important role in this ablation resistance.
Keywords:A  Nano-structures  B  Thermomechanical  D  Electron microscopy  D  Thermal analysis
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