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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) nutrients use efficiency and uptake characteristics,and biomass yield for solid biofuel production under Mediterranean conditions
Affiliation:1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract:Switchgrass produces high amounts of biomass that can be used for solid biofuel production. In this study, the dry biomass yield vs. N–P–K nutrient uptake relations as well as the N-mineralization and the N-fertilization recovery fraction for switchgrass (cv. Alamo) were determined under field conditions for three N-fertilization (0, 80 and 160 kg ha−1) and for two irrigation (0 and 250 mm) levels, in two soils in central Greece with rather different moisture status over the period 2009–2012. It was found that dry biomass yield on the aquic soil may reach 27–30 t ha−1 using supplemental irrigation, and remain at high levels (19–24 t ha−1) without irrigation. In the xeric soil, however, lower biomass yields of 14–15 t ha−1 may be produced with supplemental irrigation. The average N-concentration varies between 0.23% in stems and 1.10% in leaves, showing the very low needs in N. P-content varies between 0.16% in leaves and 0.03% in stems, whereas K-content fluctuates between 0.67% and 0.78%. Linear biomass yield-nutrient uptake relationships were found with high R2, pointing to nutrient use efficiencies of 240 and 160 kg kg−1, for N and K respectively. The base N-uptake ranged 70–84 kg ha−1 in the aquic to 60 kg ha−1 or less in the xeric soil. N-recovery fraction was about 30% in the aquic soil and lower in the xeric. Therefore, switchgrass is very promising for biomass production and its introduction in land use systems (especially in aquic soils of similar environments) should be seriously taken into consideration.
Keywords:Switchgrass  NUE  Base uptake  N–P–K-uptake  Biomass production
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